微生物地球化学及其研究进展

The History and Advances of Microbial Geochemistry

本文阐述了微生物地球化学的发展历程及微生物地球化学近期的研究进展。微生物可以促进许多地质地球化学过程 ,微生物地球化学作用主要表现在对岩石和矿物风化、元素迁移和聚集、有机质降解以及矿床形成等方面 ;还表现在部分控制大气成分 ,参与有机物和无机物循环并影响其全球分布 ,从而对地球形成以来物质在上部岩石圈、水圈和大气圈中的分布起到了重要的控制作用。微生物地球化学的成果已经从根本上修正了地球科学的核心观点 。

The history and advances of microbial geochemistry are elucidated in this article. Some microorganisms, including various kinds of bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa, can promote a lot of geological and geochemical processes. They play an important role in rock and mineral weathering, elements mobilization and accumulation, transformation of organic matter in sediments and mine formation and so on. They take part in the cycles of organic and inorganic matter and influence the composition of the atmosphere in respect to O 2, CO 2 and CH 4, then have exerted important controls on the distribution of matter in the upper lithosphere, the hydrosphere, and atmosphere. In the foreseeable future, merging of modern geochemistry with microbiology will inspire the development of geosciences and biosciences.