人股二头肌肌内神经分布和神经入肌点定位

Intramuscular innervation pattern of the biceps femoris and location of nerve entry point to the muscle

目的查清人股二头肌长头和短头的肌内神经分布和神经入肌点定位,为其肌移植提供形态学依据。方法(1)观察20具尸体股二头肌长头和短头的神经分支数量,拟将坐骨结节与股骨外上髁连线分4等份,观测神经入肌点水平。(2)用3具童尸股二头肌做Sihler's肌神经染色,观察肌内神经分布。结果(1)长头神经来自坐骨神经胫侧,神经肌支一支型占22.5%,两支型72.5%,三支型5.0%,入肌点位于1/4区占22.1%,2/4区57.1%,3/4区20.8%。短头神经来自坐骨神经腓侧,一支型占95.0%,两支型5.0%,入肌点在肌的近部浅面。(2)长、短头肌内神经分支各形成一条神经支配带,横过各肌束中段。结论股二头肌长头和短头有单独神经支配。长头神经支配多见于两支型,神经入肌点多见于2/4区。

Objective The intramuscular innervation pattern and nerve entry point to muscle of the long head(BFl)and short head (BFs)of the biceps femoris(BF) were examined to provide the morphological basis for transplanting of the BF. Methods (1)The nerve number and nerve entry point to muscle of the BFI and BFs were measured in 20 cadavers.(2)6 BF muscles of 3 infant cadavers were stained using the modified Sihler's staining technique to observe the intramuscular nerve patterns. Results (1)Each of 22～5%BFl muscles had single nerve arising directly from the tibial division of the sciatic nerve,72.5%having two nerves,5.0%having three nerves;22.0%nerve entry points to the BFl were in the 1/4ths portion in the line drawn from the tuber ischiadicum to the epicondylus lateralis femoric,54.3%at 2/4ths one,25.7%at 3/4ths one.Each of 95.0%BFs muscles had single nerve from the fibular division of the sciatic nerve,5.0%having two nerves,entering the muscle on the superficial surface in the muscle proximal portion.(2)The intramuscular nerve branches of the BFl and BFs branched and formed a long innervation band from proximal to distal crossing the middle of the muscle bundles,respectively. Conclusion The innervation of BFl and BFs are independent reciprocally.The majority of BFl muscles have two nerves from the sciatic nerve,and the nerve entry points to museles are located more in the 2/4ths portion.