云南城乡居民膳食结构的20年变迁

The Transition of Dietary Pattern of Residents in Rural and Urban of Yunnan Between 1982 and 2002

目的 :了解目前我省城乡居民膳食结构的变化趋势及存在问题 ,为我省制定相关营养改善政策提供科学的依据 .方法 :采用称重法和记帐法收集 3d内住户的食物消费数据 ;用 2 4h回顾法进行连续 3d个人食物摄入量调查 ;用食物频率法收集各种食物消费频率及消费量 .采用EPI2 0 0 2软件进行数据统计分析 ,结果与 1982年、 1992年营养调查进行比较 .结果 :改革开放 2 0a ,我省城乡居民膳食结构已发生明显改变 ,各种食物的每日标准摄入量较 1982年及 1992年有明显提高 ,能量及各种营养素摄入基本达到推荐摄入量的要求 .但膳食结构仍存在严重问题 ,农村地区蛋白质食物 (蛋类、奶类、水产品等优质蛋白质食物 )摄入严重不足 ;而城市膳食中含不饱和脂肪酸较多的畜肉类制品、植物油消费摄入增长过快 ,脂肪供热比已经超过WHO标准 .城乡居民膳食中钙、VitB2 均明显摄入不足 .结论 :我省城乡居民的膳食结构与 1982年、 1992年营养调查相比较 ,有一定改善 ,目前我省城乡居民中由于膳食结构的变化已形成诸多严重营养不平衡和慢性病 。

Objective: To investigate the present nutritional status of residents in rural and urban areas of Yunnan province to provider evidences for local gove rnment making decisions on nutrition. Methods:The household food consumption da ta were collected for three days using an inventory change combined with weighin g method and individual intakes were obtained by 3 consecutive 24-hours recalls. Results:With 20 years reformation and opening up in China, the diet structure had been changed evidently. Food intake has been increased comparing 1982 with 1 992. Even though energies and several nutrients were adequate, the diet pattern still had some problems. The residents lived in rural areas were inadequate of p rotein, and the people lived in urban areas did not keep the food balance especi ally fat. Now the nutrition status of the residents lived in rural areas was not good and the residents were inadequate of calcium and riboflavin. Conclusion:C ompared with the nutrition status of 1982 and 1992, the intaking daily now has e nhanced, the intaking of calorie and various nutriments generally meet requireme nt. But the malnutrition has not been solved with the development of economy. Th e malnutrition and chronic diseases have been becoming a terrible problem on pub lic heath.[