吸毒者艾滋病感染和传播相关行为的研究

The Research of Behaviors Related HIV/AIDS Infection and Transmission of Drug Users

目的 了解吸毒者与艾滋病感染和传播有关的行为 ,以指导对吸毒者开展的艾滋病综合干预。方法 用滚雪球法在绵阳市和西昌市的社区中寻找吸毒者 ,用社会学的个人深入访谈和流行病学问卷进行调查。结果 共调查 36 3名吸毒者 ,其中采用过静脉注射者占 96 4 1% (35 0 / 36 3) ;绵阳、西昌 2地吸毒者年龄、婚姻分布相近 ,文化、职业、经济收入等有明显差异 ;绵阳市吸毒者共用注射器者占 34 1% ,西昌市为 5 8 8% ;注射器不消毒、或用清水和开水清洗较多 ;在与其他性伴发生性行为时 ,绵阳市、西昌市仅有 33 3%和 30 8%的吸毒者使用安全套。结论 2地的吸毒者共用针率较高、针具清洁方法不正确 ;非婚性安全套使用率低 ,存在较大的感染和传播艾滋病危险 ,特别是收入和文化程度较低的吸毒者更危险 ,应尽快针对吸毒人群开展针具交换、美沙酮维持、安全套使用促进、完善性病和HIV自愿咨询检测服务。

Objective To realize the behaviors related HIV/AIDS infection and transmission of drug users for guiding comprehensive intervention to drug users on HIV/AIDS. Method Drug users were found by the method of snow ball in Mianyang and Xichang communities, investigated drug user s by person in-depth interview of sociology and questionnaires of epidemiology. Result Totally in vestigated 363 drug users,96.41%(350/363)were injection drug users. The age and marriage distr ibution were similar, but education, occupation, and income distribution were si gnificantly different among drug users between Manyang city and Xichang city. 3 4.1% drug users of Mianyang had shared needles, and 58.5% drug users of Xichan g had shared needles. Needles were not sterilized, or cleaned by water and boiled water among most drug users. The condom using rate were 33.3%(Mianyang ) and 30. 8%(Xicang) among drug users who had sex intercourse with non-marria ge sexual par tners. Conclusion The sharing needles rate was rather high, the methods of clea n needles were incorrect, and the condom using rates was low in non marriage se x b ehaviors among drug users, the risk of infection and transmission on HIV/AIDS wa s high among drug users. Especially, it is more dangerous among low income and education drug users. So we need to implement needle exchange, methadone mainte n ance, condom using promotion, friendly STI and HIV VCT service to drug users as so on as possible.