世纪之交中国城市体系的结构变动与特征

STRUCTURE EVOLVEMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS ON CHINA URBAN SYSTEM IN 1990S

20世纪90年代中国城市体系出现了一些新特点,突出的表现为:城市规模集中程度趋于下降,大城市和中等城市在城市体系中的地位加强;城市空间分布总体上呈“东密西疏”的格局,但城市组团现象明显,且城市分布的不平衡性进一步增强,沿海地带和铁路枢纽地区出现了都市带;我国城市普遍存在生产性职能强,服务性职能弱的特点,多数城市职能结构相似程度较高,但同时也有一定数量的城市职能结构存在较大差异。

In the 1990s, it emerged some new characteristics in the structure of the urban system in China. These characteristics especially showed on the decline of the concentration of urban scale structure in general, Concentration index has dropped from 0.966 in 1990 to 0.865 in 2000. The average size of some the cities has been advanced to some degree. Among all the cities, the status of the big cities and medium cities has been strengthened in the urban system. But the status of small ones and super ones which lay both ends was weakened to some extent. The urban scale structure showed the situation of decreasing in both ends. The special distribution of the urban remains that the east has more cities while the west has less in general, but the phenomenon that these cities are combinatorial is notable and the imbalance of the urban distribution was more strengthened. It's 2.54 times according to the Mid Zone, and 10.04 times according to the west. This tendency is strengthened continuously. The index of imbalance swells from 0.446 in 1990 to 0.471 in 2000.The metropolis is taking form. And the megalopolis came into not only in along the seaside terrains but also in the zone around the railway stations, such as Delta Yangtse River, Delta Zhujiang River, zone Jingjintang, zone mid and south Liaoning province, Shandong peninsula and zone Zhongyuang and so on. There existed the better producing function and the worse serving function in our cities. For example , our ratio of the worker's number in productive function is 55 VS 16 VS 29, while the America's is 24 VS 27 VS 29, German is 33 VS 27 VS 40, Britain is 26 Vs 27 Vs 47, France is 28 Vs 24 VS 48. The productive function of our country is obviously higher than the developed countries; however, the service function is greatly lower than the developed countries. The structure of most cities function is more similar to each other. Meanwhile there is much difference among the structure of quite a few cities function.