不同熟期及产量类型的大豆生殖生长期生理特性的比较研究

A Comparative Study on Physiological Characteristics during Reproductive Growth Stage in Different Yielding Types and Maturities of Soybean

通过分析不同熟期、不同产量类型的大豆 ,特别是高产品种 (系 )的群体生理特性 ,为栽培措施的合理运用及生态育种指标的有效选择提供理论参考。连续 2年的试验结果表明 ,高产大豆应具有株高适宜、节数相对较多、产量形成的空间较大、生殖生长期LAI和LAD较高、R5期后叶片衰减慢、叶片在各个方向上的分布均匀、干物质积累量大、光能利用率高等特性 ;由于不同熟期间的大豆株高、节数及叶片数量的差异 ,形成的群体空间大小不同 ,所以不同熟期的大豆高产群体生理特征也存在差异。早熟大豆的株高矮、节数少、LAI小 ,群体冠层相对较小 ,所以相对于晚熟大豆而言 ,其所能截获的光能多少对于产量形成有着更加重要的意义 ,其高产群体叶片在R5期前发育快、叶倾角小、叶片平展 ,而晚熟大豆冠层郁蔽、LAI大、叶倾角大是高产群体的特征。

Through analyzing physiological characteristics of different yielding types of soybean cultivars or lines with different maturities, the physiological traits of high yielding cultivars or lines were discussed for the reference in theory of application of rational cultivation techniques and effective selection criterion of ecological breeding goals. The results of two years experiments indicated that high yielding physiological characters of soybean were as follows: suitable plant height, comparatively larger number of nodes which enlarged the space of yield formation, high LAI and LAD during reproductive stage, slowly withered leaves after R 5 stage, uniform foliar orientation in the horizontal plane, more dry matter accumulation, high solar energy use efficiency. Since the differences of height, node and leaf number in soybean cultivars with varied maturities made the canopy space different, the physiological characters of high yielding cultivars with varied maturity would be different. Compared with late soybean, the early soybean had lower plant height, less nodes and lower LAI , which formed smaller canopy. Therefore, the optimal light interception of early soybean was more important for yield formation. For high yielding cultivars, the leaves should be developed faster before R 5 stage, foliage inclination angle should be smaller, leaf blade should be flatter, which benefited to intercept more solar energy; however, the canopy of late soybean cultivars was more closure, LAI was larger, and foliage inclination angle was bigger in a high yielding soybean.