透明质酸合成酶的研究进展

Research Status of Hyaluronan Synthases

人类透明质酸合成酶 (Hyaluronansynthase ,HAS)是一类在透明质酸 (Hyaluronicacid ,HA)合成过程中发挥重要作用的酶 ,可分为HAS1、HAS2、HAS33种。这 3种合成酶均可催化合成相当水平的透明质酸 ,且在特定的生理和病理过程中有所表达。但是 ,不同的透明质酸合成酶在稳定性、活性、催化产物HA的分子量等各方面也存在着明显差异。文章就人类 3种透明质酸合成酶 (HAS1、HAS2、HAS3)的分子特征、生物学活性、临床应用以及目前研究中存在的问题等研究情况进行综述 。

Three human hyaluronan synthases, HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3, have played critically role in the process of Hyaluronic acid (HA) biosynthesis. The HA that is a key component of the human extracellular matrix(ECM) is synthesized by each HAS isoform at the plasma membrane, and the expression of each HAS isoform is controlled in a different fashion in physiological and phythological environment. In vitro studies demonstrated that HAS enzymes are distinct from each other in enzyme stability, elongation rate of HA, kinetic characteristics, product size and K m values for UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcUA. This review focuses on recent findings on the regulatory mechanisms for controlling HA biosynthesis, amino sequence, physiological function, clinical prospect of HASs and provides new insights into the enzymic basis for the functional regulation of HA.