RNAi的研究进展

Progress in RNA interference research

RNAi(RNAinterference)是近年来发现的在生物体内普遍存在的一种古老的生物学现象,是由dsRNA介导的由特定酶参与的特异性基因沉默现象,它在转录水平、转录后水平和翻译水平上阻断基因的表达。RNAi是真核生物体抵抗外源基因(如病毒基因、转座子、人工转入基因等)入侵的一种保护性反应,它还是生物体在不同时期通过调控基因表达来调节细胞分化的机制。RNAi已成为一种极为有用的使基因失活的工具应用于多方面的研究中。介绍了RNAi的发现、RNAi的机理、参与RNAi的酶、及其RNAi的应用等有关RNAi的研究进展。

RNA interference (RNAi) which was found recently is a universal biological phenomenon of remote times. RNAi, which disrupts gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational level and which is mediated by dsRNA and involed by specific enzymes, is a specific gene silencing phenomenon. RNAi, which regulates cell differential mechanism by controlling gene expression, is a protective reaction for eukaryotes to against exogenous gene such as virus gene, transposon, transgene and so on. RNAi has become a tool to inactivate gene and has been applied in many researches. This paper introduced the discovery, mechanism, mediated enzymes and application of RNAi.