福州温泉区地下热水开采与水位动态响应研究

Research on exploitation of the geothermal water and dynamic response of the water level at hotspring filed in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

地下热水是一种极其宝贵的资源,然而长时间的过量开采,使资源濒临枯竭,同时还会产生一系列的环境负效应。福州温泉区蕴藏着丰富的地下热水,多年开采,水位不断下降,已使部分泉消失。针对这一状况,笔者对福州温泉区地下双层热储层———第四系孔隙热储层及下伏基岩裂隙热储层中热水的赋存条件,补给与排泄条件,开采的历史与现状,热储层历年地下水位动态变化特征及漏斗展布状况进行了详细的对比分析与研究。研究结果显示第四系孔隙热储层北部抽水漏斗较深,南部补给相对充分而漏斗不明显,经过10a的变化漏斗中心最大变化幅度为7 6m;基岩裂隙热储层出现南北2个漏斗,10a间漏斗中心水位最大变化幅度为12 61m。表明随着开采的进行,地下热水水位在持续性下降,热资源在逐渐流失。指出加强地热资源开采量监控及建立比较完善的地热资源管理系统的迫切性,以实现资源的合理利用和可持续发展。

Geothermal water is a very precious resource. However, it is close to exhausted because of the excessive exploitation for a long time. The excessive exploitation of water also causes some unfavorable environment problems. There is wealth geothermal water in the hot spring field of Fuzhou City, but some artesian springs have disappeared as a result of the exploitation for many years. The history and the present situation of the exploitation, the recharge and the discharge, the dynamic feature of the water level of the geothermal water in the pore space of Quaternary and the geothermal water in the bedrock fissures, as well as the distribution of the groundwater depression cones are studied and analyzed in detail in the paper. The result shows that the pumping depression cone is deeper in the north of the pore fluid-bearing aquifer of Quaternary than in the south of that because of enough recharge. The maximal variance of the center of the depression cone is 7.60m during last ten years. There are two depression cones in the south and in the north of the fissure fluid-bearing aquifer in the bedrock, and the maximal variance of the center of the depression cone is 12.61m during last ten years. It indicates that the geothermal water level has been declining continually and the heat resources have been diminishing gradually. The supervisory control of the geothermal exploitation must be intensified, and the administration system must be perfected in order to realize the reasonable uses of the resource and the sustainable development.