浅析马尔库塞的幸福论——《文化的肯定性质》解读

Analyzing the Happiness Theory of Herbert Marcuse

马尔库塞在《文化的肯定性质》中,阐述了他的幸福论,即超越物质、个体解放的幸福。这种幸福,消除了物质对人性的压抑,唤醒了人的主体意识。对文化在现实上的超越性使幸福在非现实的幻想领域中得以实现的理论论述进行梳理,考察了马尔库塞幸福论产生的哲学、宗教灵魂、艺术审美以及文化的背景,最终得出肯定的文化只有以艺术和审美为中介,个体才能享受和获得幸福的结论。

'Affirmative Nature of Culture', Herbert Marcuse expounded his happiness theory, that is, transcending material and liberating individual. It dispels the constraint of material to human nature and awakes human's principal consciousness. This article systematizes the theory that culture, which transcends the realities, makes happiness realized in unreal fantasy field. It studies the background of philosophy, soul of religion, aesthetic art and culture, from which the Happiness Theory of Herbert Marcuse derived, and concludes that individuals can gain happiness only by means of affirmative culture based on art and aesthetics.