新兵心理健康水平与其个性特质及应对方式的相关性研究

Effects of Enrollment Stress on Mental Health of New Recruits and Study of Related Factors

目的量化评估新兵心理健康水平并探讨其相关因素,为有效实施新兵心理健康宣教和心理训练提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、应对方式问卷、A型行为方式问卷敌意分量表及艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)情绪稳定性分量表对169名新兵实施团体心理测验。结果新兵SCIL-90各因子均显著高于地方常模(P<0.01),躯体化、焦虑、恐怖因子高于军人常模(P<0.01),忧郁、敌意低于军人常模(P<0.01);新兵SCL-90总分与幻想、自责、退避及合理化呈显著正相关(P<0.01);SCL-90总分与特质焦虑、状态焦虑、情绪稳定性及敌意分值呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论入伍应激对新兵心理健康水平的影响与其个性特质及应对方式有关,其中高特质焦虑与不成熟应对方式可共同影响新兵的心理健康,提示对新兵进行心理干预,要充分考虑个体差异,重视培养新兵成熟的应对方式。

Objective To quantitatively assess the effect of enrollment stress on mental health of. new recruits and analyze influential factors in order to provide a scientific basis for mental health education and psychological intervention. Methods The mental health status, personality factors and coping style of 169 new recruits were assessed by SCL-90, STAI, EPQ-N, A-type Scale (hostility) and Coping Style Scale. Results Every factor score of SCL-90 was higher than civilians' norm ( P <0. 01) , but only the scores of five factors were significantly different from the army man norm ( P <0. 01). The mean score of SCL90 was positively relative to that of personality factors ( anxiety, emotion stability and hostility) and 4 factors (problem-solving,blame,dream and rationalization) of coping style(P<0. 01). Conclusion Enrollment stress can affect mental health of new recruits, depending on individual personality and coping style; trait-anxiety personality and negative coping style may operate to affect health of new recruits. The results of this study suggest that mental health education and psychological intervention should be individualized in new recruits to help them develop a positive coping style.