从沙俄对中国的影响谈清末外交政策的失败

Analysis of how Czarist Russia influenced the Chinese government's foreign policy conduct in Qing Dynasty

19世纪下半叶的中国清朝处于走向衰落的转型期。沙皇俄国作为中国最大的邻国和瓜分中国的主要列强,一边加紧侵占中国的大片领土,一边扮演中国盟友"救世主"的角色。从《尼布楚条约》到《中俄伊犁条约》,从《马关条约》到《中俄密约》,可以清晰地看到清末朝廷向外来势力抵抗—言败—屈膝的过程,而贯穿始终的中俄关系又让人们认识到,一个对近代国家主权概念茫然无知的政府,为了维护自身的安全竟出卖国家民族的重大利益,其对外政策是极其失败的。沙皇俄国影响了清代末年清朝政府外交政策的走向。

In the late 19^(th) century, China was in a declining period going towards worse. Czarist Russia, as China's closest neighbor, became the largest invader. By posing geopolitical threat and diplomatic interference, Czarist Russia had a strong effect on foreign policy conduct in Qing Dynasty. The several treaties signed between Czarist Russia and Qing Dynasty government indicate clearly how many failures the Qing government suffered in its foreign policy conduct and what roles that Czarist Russia had played in causing these failures.