智力低下与遗传

MENTAL RETARDATION AND HEREDITY

本文对青海省西宁地区部分医疗单位选送的1982名怀疑为先天痴呆患者进行了检查和分析,并对其发病原因进行了探讨。其中396例具有不同程度的智力低下,检出率为19.98％。大部分患者属遗传性疾病。所得结果比其它城市为高。原因可能是我省乃边远高原地区(2260m)。交通不便,天气干寒,受检对象大都文化水平低下,生活方式简陋,营养条件差,见识浅薄,且属地甲病高发区。一般智商均在65上下,轻者65.11,重者28,后者多为白痴。生活不能自理,吃、喝、大小便均要人照料,这类患者大多活不到15岁或20岁以前死亡。智低者的发病机理可分为遗传性和非遗传性两种。遗传因素有染色体畸变和基因突变。非遗传因素包括生物、化学和物理等。这些因素往往相互牵连,造成各种程度不同,表形各异的智愚。近亲结婚亦属致愚因素之一。本文对这些因素都作了分析和讨论。另外我们对智低者生育控制和既存者的培训教养也提出了初浅的建议。

This article deals with the people of mental retardation infects in Xining of Qinghai province. Altogether 1982 people sieved from different hospitals were suspected and sent to our laboratory for further examination. According to our observation and examination,only 396 cases were diagnosed to be real mental retardation patients(19.98%). Their IQ was below 65 tested by the methods of DDST and Hiskey-Nebraska. IQ of normal children in Xining below fourteen years old was 65.11-125.14. The percentage might be higher than that of the other cities in China. We considered that the reasons for this were that our province is at the high altitude plateau. We have a large area but a small amount of people living scatteredly. Our communication is poor and the weather is dry and cold. A great many people were ignorant with poor living conditions. In addition,some counties were iodine deficiency areas. Therefore these also increased the morbidity of mental retardation in our province. Most of the poor patients died before the age of ten or twenty.The mechanism of the genetic diseases is mostly of chromosome aberration and gene mutation due to consanguineous marriage. Another reason was from virus infection, chemical injury and different kinds of radiation. All the factors mentioned above were discussed and analysed in the article.Additionally, we have suggested a preliminary scheme for the mental retardation patients who are still living now. They are a great burden and misery to both our nation and their families.