晚清驻外使臣与政治派系

Political Cliques and Envoys Sent Abroad in Late Qing Dynasty

晚清政治派系对驻外使臣群体影响可谓持久且深入。甲午战前 ,对出使大臣影响最大的是淮系李鸿章 ,早期清流派对其有一定牵制 ;甲午战后 ,中经外务部成立 ,驻外使臣开始进入职业化时期。政治派系对使臣这种影响力 ,有其深刻的制度背景。

The influence of political cliques in late Qing Dynasty to envoys who were sent abroad at that time was indeed great and lasting. Before the war between China and Japan in 1894, those envoys was greatly influenced by Li Hongzhang belonging to the Huai Clique, who was contained by the early Qing Cliques .After the war, Zhong jing wai wu bu came into existence, and from then on the occupation of envoys had entered a vocationalized period. Such kind of force upon the envoys from the political cliques has its profound system background.