注意缺陷与多动障碍患儿气质特征及其家庭背景研究

Temperament Characteristic, Family Environment and Parental Rearing Patterns of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

目的探讨注意缺陷与多动障碍(ADHD)患儿的气质特征、家庭环境及其父母教养方式,为ADHD患儿实施心 理干预措施提供依据。方法采用中国学龄儿童气质量表(CSTS)对62例ADHD患儿进行测评,并将测评结果与国内 常模比较;同时采用家庭环境量表(FES CV)及父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)对62例ADHD患儿及62名正常儿童 进行测评。结果ADHD组患儿的活动水平、节律性、适应性、反应强度、心境、持久性及注意转移评分均显著高于国内 常模(P<0.05或P<0.01),而反应阈评分则显著低于国内常模(P<0.01);ADHD组患儿的家庭亲密度、情感表达、 知识性及成功性评分均显著低于正常儿童,而矛盾性显著高于正常儿童(P<0.05或P<0.01);ADHD组患儿的父 母情感温暖因子评分显著低于正常儿童,父母惩罚、拒绝因子评分及父亲的过度保护和母亲的偏爱被试因子评分显 著高于正常儿童,而矛盾性显著高于正常儿童(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论ADHD组患儿的气质特征、家庭环境及 其父母教养方式与正常儿童有着明显的不同,此为今后开展分析性心理治疗、实施心理干预的依据。

Objective To explore the temperament characteristic, family environment and parental rearing patterns of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. Methods The temperament characteristics of 62 children with ADHD were tested by means of Chinese School Children Temperament Scale (CSTS). The data from the test were analyzed and compared with those in normal group. At the same time, 62 children with ADHD and 62 normal controls were assessed using Family Environment Scale (FES-CV) and Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU). Results The scales of factors of the activity level, rhythmicity, adaptability, response intensity, mood, persistence and distraction in ADHD group were higher than those in normal group, but the scale of the threshold in ADHD group was lower than that in normal group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The scales of factors of the cohesion, expressiveness, intellectual culture orientation and achievement orientation in ADHD group were lower than those in normal group, but the scales of the conflict in ADHD group were higher than those in normal group (P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). The scores of factors of being punished and refused in ADHD group were higher, at the same time, the scores of factors of the over protection of father and over partialness of mother were higher. However the scores of factors being cared was lower. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The temperament characteristic, family environment and parental rearing patterns of children with ADHD were different from normal controls, which supplies evidence to psychological treatment and interference.