影响赛前训练效果的时间学因素及其科学调控的研究

The Study on the Time Factors and Regulation Influenced the Effect of Pre-competitive Training

赛前训练的竞技状态调控中存在着许多“时间生物学”和“时间运动学”规律,运用这些规律调控赛前竞技状态,对提高赛前训练安排的科学性具有重要作用。通过对田径、游泳、羽毛球和射击等项目的教练员和专家、学者进行有关影响赛前训练的时间因素的调查,确立了包括“时间生物学因素”和“时间运动学因素”在内的14个影响赛前训练效益的具体时间因素,并对这些时间因素对赛前训练的重要程度进行了排序。还对这些因素在赛前训练中的调控理论与方法进行了分析,并提出了一些新的观点和建议。在此基础上,进一步确立了一个“优秀运动员赛前中短期训练阶段的时间学整体结构及整体调控模式的构想”,并据此设计了具体的赛前训练时间学调控方案。

In the pre-competitive training, there are some principles on time biology and time kinematics, how to use these principles is important in regulating the pre-match state and improving performance.Through the investigating of coaches and scholars in track and field, swimming, badminton and shooting, we examined 14 time factors which influence the effect of pre-match training, and ranked the 14 factors. In the final, some suggestions were given on the regulation of pre-competitive training.