跳板跳水“合板”实验研究

An Examination of the Springboard Diving Run-up Approach

“合板”是跳板跳水中最关键的技术指标之一。笔者将运动员和跳水板视为一个“人-板”系统,重点用实验的方法全面细致地研究了人板结合后系统的动态特性。针对影响“人-板”系统动态特性的三个参数,运用加速度传感器采集“人-板”系统运动的时序信号,经过傅立叶变换得到系统的固有频率并对其进行统计学分析。实验结果表明,“人-板”系统的动态特性随着运动员选择的支点、运动员的质量、运动员在跳水板上的位置的改变而变化。同时,支点的选择还同运动员踏板的力量、踏板速度有关。另外,通过理论分析与实验对比研究发现,跳板的固有频率在误差允许的范围内可以线性化处理。

The springboard run-up approach is an important technique. This study investigated the dynamic characteristics of a human-board system which is composed of the springboard and the athlete. Three parameters influencing the dynamic characteristics of human-board system were analyzed by using acceleration sensors to gather the signal from the human-board system and obtain natural frequency by FFT change. Experimental results show that the dynamic characteristics of the human-board system changed along the fulcrum position, mass of the athlete and the changing position of the athlete. The fulcrum position was related to the energy of the athlete and the speed of the springboard whilst the frequency of the human-board system can be linearized.