女子花样滑冰优秀运动员跳跃动作的运动生物力学分析

Biomechanical Analysis on the Jumping Movements of Elite Female Figure Skating Athletes

运用艾利尔软件,通过对2003年中国杯世界花样滑冰大奖赛我国优秀运动员以及国外优秀运动员跳跃动作的技术录像解析,分析所获得的起跳时水平速度、空中水平位移、腾空高度、空停时间、腾起角、关节角度等参数,并与国外优秀运动员作比较。结果显示,我国运动员起跳时水平速度与国外优秀选手还有差距,需提高滑行技术和蹬冰力量;提高起跳技术、腿部蹬伸力量和爆发力,使水平速度有效地转化为垂直速度;我国部分运动员腾起角偏大,在提高水平速度的同时,人体重心腾起角应逐渐减小;助滑末期运动员支撑腿应积极屈膝,充分后引浮腿;起跳时支撑腿应积极蹬伸,形成“小摆臂,早收臂”。

By applying the APAS system, through the method of video analysis on the jumping movements of Chinese elite female athletes and the international athletes in 2003 Cup of China-ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating,we compared their parameters such as the jumping parallel speed, the parallel movement in the air, the jumping height altitude, the staying time in the air, the gravity jumping angel and the joint angel. The results showed that there are some differences in skipping level speed between the foreign and Chinese athletes.Chinese athletes should improve the gliding technique and the leg power. They also should improve the jumping techniques; strengthen the leg force and the explosive power at the beginning of the race, so that the parallel speed could be transferred into the vertical speed effectively. Some of the Chinese athletes' gravity jumping angels is too big. When they are trying to speed up, their gravity-jumping angel should become smaller. At the end of the preparing gliding the supporting leg of the athletes should try to bend actively. When it is fully ready, they stretch the free leg. When they start to jump, the supporting leg should stretch fully. They should perform the 'small dangling arms and the early pulling arms' movement.