煤的微生物溶(降)解研究

STUDY OF MICROBIAL SOLUBILIZATION OF COALS

利用微生物溶(降)解褐煤是开发低品位煤利用途径的新方法。这一方法于八十年代首先引起了美国和德国学者的注意和兴趣。研究者们希望通过此种方法从低品位煤中提取可应用于工、农、医等方面的化学品以及制取清洁的气体、液体燃料等。利用微生物加工处理煤,操作条件温和,污染少。本文考察了七种真菌对十一种煤样的溶解作用。实验表明,不同菌种对不同煤样的溶解作用有明显差别,从中筛选出溶煤效果较好的菌种和可被这些真菌溶解的煤样,测定了对这些菌种固体培养时,其菌丝体分泌物对煤的溶解转化率。将煤溶解产物进行元素分析、红外光谱分析的结果表明,溶解产物的结构发生了一定的变化。

Microbial solubilization of coal,a new way of utilizing low-rank coal,has at- tracted great interesting from scholars of united states and other nations,since 1980s.Low- rank coal is expected to be transformed into special valuable chemicals and clean fuels under the mild operative conditions. In this paper,the different solubilizing abilities of some fungi species on different coals were found by investigating the solubilizing effect of seven fungi on eleven coals.P.versicolor and Candida ML 13 could better solubilize native coals oxidized by nitric-acid and two kinds of American weathered coals. The conversions of microbiol solubilization of coals were determined.The general com- ponents of biosoluble products were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that the conversions of nitric-acid oxidized Pingzhuang and Zalainuoer lignites soubilized by P.versicolor and Candida ML 13 cultured on solid medium were about 60～80% and that the structure of soluble products was changed.