沿海开放地区城市化过程的影响因素及作用机制——以福建沿海城市为例

FACTORS AND MECHANISM OF THE URBANIZATION PROCESS IN COASTAL OPEN AREA OF CHINA——A CASE STUDY OF FUJIAN COASTAL CITIES

本文以福建沿海开放地区为例,剖析了计划经济下的体制与政策、乡镇企业和外向型经济这三个因素对城市发展及城市化进程的影响和作用机制,认为中央计划体制、工业管理体制和人口政策对城市经济的发展和城市化水平的提高有较大影响;乡镇企业促进了农村产业结构和劳动力构成的变化,加速小城镇及乡集镇的发展;外向型经济改善了城市的基础设施和投资环境,改变了城市的经济面貌,并通过经济增长要素促进城市化的过程。

Taking coastal open area of Fujian as an example, three major factors of urbanization and urban development-institutions and policies of planned economy, township enterprises, and export-oriented economy, are analysed. (1) Of those institutions and policies, the central planned institution, industrial administration and population policies do main effects on the development of urban economy and the improvement of urbanization. (2) Township enterprises absorb lots of surplus labour force and speed up the change of rural industrial structure and labour force constitution, and increase the growth of towns and counties on the basis of extensive of non - agricultural tendency. (3) The export-oriented economy not only improves urban infrastructure and invest environment and changes urban economic state, but also speed up the process of urbanization by technology, funds and market structure.