中国南方稻作农业的起源及其在东亚的传播

ON THE ORIGIN OF RICE CULTIVATION IN SOUTHERN CHINA AND ITS PROPAGATION IN EAST ASIA

本文通过对有关考古资料的分析,对东亚稻作农业的源地持'双源论'观点;中国南方稻作的传播可分3个阶段;稻作传至日本可能有两条路径;受气候变化的影响,5000年来稻作的传播期和间断期分别与3个暖期和2个冷期相对应;气候波动与海面变化同步;气候温暖,海面上升,湿地扩展,故稻作传播期与高海面期基本一致。

Based on the archaeological rice cultivation with the ^(14)Cdating of about 4000—5000 yr.B. P.the author holds that the plain at the lower reaches of the yangtse River is one origin of rice cultivation in Asia and the other is Allahabad of India.The propagation of ancient rice cultivation in China can be divided into three stages.The first stage is about 4000—3000 yr.B.P..The second is dated at 2635 yr.,2630 yr.,2480yr.,2440 yr.and 2420 yr.B.P.from ancient rices and stone knifes or copper sickles.And the third is deduced to about 1000 yr.B.P..Ac- cording to some archaeological data,the rice cultivation had been begun during Late Jomon or Yayoi epoch about 2500 yr.B.P.in north Kyushu of Japan,but the history to cultivate rice in the south part of Korea peninsula is only of about 1000 years,and any historical remains of ancient rice cultivation before 1000 yr.B.P.has not yet been found in North or North—east China,it is therefore inferred that there were two ways for propagating rice cultivation from Chi- na to Japan.One was from lower reaches of the Yangtse River to Kyushu by sea and the other was from Shandong peninsula to southern Korea and then to Kyushu.Being influenced by clima- tic changes since about 5000 yr.B.P the propagation of the rice cultivation was stagnated for at least two times,for example,the three warm climatical stages and the two cold stages were quite in correspondence with the propagation and stagnation stages of rice cultivation,respectively,in China.During the ancient times the development of paddy rice was directively related to the fluc- tuation of sea level which is in keeping with the climatic changes.