市场经济体系下城市总体规划的理论基础——规模和空间形态

FUNDAMENTALS OF URBAN PLANNING IN THE CONTEXT OF MARKET FORCES: SIZE ANDFORM

中国城市的高速发展和向市场经济的根本转型对仍然具有很强的计划经济色彩的城市规划提出挑战。 认识到日益增长的市场力量在城市发展和建设中的作用, 规划人员和政府官员不断地寻求更好地平衡市场机制和力量与规划和政府干预之间的答案。 或者说,如何在市场机制下进行规划也许是他们的最大挑战之一。 本文讨论了市场机制下的城市发展及其空间形态,如城市规模、密度、卫星城、就业与住宅的平衡、土地利用与交通的整合等。这些问题非常重要,这是因为, 城市空间形态与城市劳动力、土地和资本等资源的利用效率发生密切的联系,进而对城市的可持续发展发生影响。

Fundamental changes and rapid devel- opment in China pose challenges to urban planning practice that still exhibits remarkable influence of planned system. Recognized increasing roles ofmar- ket forces, planners and government officials con- stantly search solutions to betterbalancemarket, plan- ningandgovernmentintervention incitydevelopment. Perhapsoneof the biggestchallenges is how to make plans in an emerging market system in China. This paper discusses fundamental urban forms that are derived from market principles, which include city scale, density, urban spatial expansion, satellite city, and integration of land use and transportation. It should be pointed out that urban spatial forms are closely tied with efficiencies of labor markets, land markets, and capital markets. Therefore, urban forms are connected with sustainability of urban development.