墨家“侔”的语义学思想探析

Probing into the Semantics Thoughts of Mohist's Mou

“侔”是中国古代墨家在论辩过程中总结出来的一种论说方式 ,含有丰富的语义学思想。从墨家对“侔”的定义(“是而然”)可以看出其对语言意义的阐述。由于自然语言是意义丰富的语言 ,墨家又从“是而不然”、“不是而然”、“一周而一不周”、“一是而一非”等多种角度研究“辞”与“辞”的语义关系。“侔”的语义学思想产生与中国古代汉语的特征有密切关系。古汉语重语义轻形式的特征使墨家在研究”侔”

Mou or parallel is a kind of debating method of Chinese ancient Mohist in debating, and has rich semantics thoughts. We can know that Mohist expounded the language's meaning from the definition of Mou (“things are partly thus and so”). Mohist also expounded the language's meaning from the ways of “things are partly thus and not so”, “things are partly not thus and yet so”, “things are partly general and partly not” and “things are partly one thus and not one”. The producing of Mohist semantics thoughts has close relation with the feature of Chinese ancient language. The feature of valuing semantic and despising syntactic resulted in studying the language meaning.