论恩格斯晚年议会和平斗争策略思想

On Engles' Parliamentary Peaceful Struggle Strategy Thought at His Old Age

马克思恩格斯早期基于对革命形势的乐观估计而提出暴力夺取政权的“全面进攻”策略 ,同时也考虑运用和平手段改造所有制 ;1 9世纪 5 0年代以后 ,在科学把握革命形势基础上又提出灵活运用暴力和和平两种方式夺取政权的“有条件退却”策略 ;恩格斯晚年根据革命形势的新变化 ,进一步完善了“有条件退却”策略 ,制定了完整的议会和平斗争的“积极防御”策略。由于恩格斯对议会和平斗争策略的运用作出了严格的条件限定 ,因此不能断定恩格斯晚年发生了有人所期望发生的革命的“

Marx and Engles put forward the strategy of “overall attack” to take up the power by violence, based on the optimistic estimation of the early revolutionary situation. At the same time, they also considered to reform the ownership system by peaceful means. After 1850s, considering the scientific analysis of revolutionary situation, they put forward the strategy of flexibly using peaceful means as well as violence to take up the power, namely the “conditional drawback” strategy. At his old age, Engles improved it again and put forward the complete parliament peaceful struggle, that is, the “active defence” strategy. Because he made a strict limitation on the parliamentary peaceful struggle strategy, it is not certain whether some strategic shift took place on Engles thought at his old age that was expected by some people.