北方井灌区吨粮田节水灌溉体系及效益

Irrigation System of Saving Water for Tonnage-Fields of Well Irrigation Areas in the Northern China and Its Benefits

为解决吨粮田建设中因施用化肥多而导致灌水量大、小麦倒伏减产、生产成本高的问题,经过三个不同水文年的试验、示范验证和推广,提出了高产节水灌溉体系,包括输水渠道防渗、合理灌水、保护利用土壤水、降低生物水消耗等几个方面。应用该技术体系,除可节约灌溉用水39.6％外,还可调节地温、改土肥田、抑草、节能、省肥、增产,作物全年耗水量仅740mm,水分生产率为2.31kg/m^3,吨粮成本可降低29.8％。

In order to solve the problems of over—irrigation,lodging and drop in production of wheat and highcost of production caused by applying more fertilizer during the construction of tonnage—fields,the paperputs forward an irrigation system of high yield and saving water,including the aspects of impervious of con-veyance channels,rational watering,soil moisture protaction and utilization and reducing biological waterconsumption through tests,demonstration and verification of three different hydrologic years and popular-ization.By using this technical system,it can not only save 39.6% of irrigation water,but also regulateground temperature,improve and enrich the soil,check grasses,economize energy and fertilizer and increas-ing production and the annual water consumption of crops is only 740mm,productivity of moisture 23.1kg(ha.mm)and the cost of tonnage grain can be reduced by 29.8%.