黄河“92·8”洪水的几点启示

Revelations from the Yellow River Flood Happened in August 1992

1992年8月16日,黄河花园口水文站出现6260m^3/s洪峰,相应水位94.33m,为有实测资料以来的最高水位。与小浪底站相比,洪峰值偏大37％;洪水通过小花间历时22小时,是正常传播时间的2倍。这次洪水未能作出正确预报,致使防汛工作十分被动。据此,本文建议,应加强黄河防汛通讯建设、防汛信息网络建设、小浪底至花园口无控制区的雨情观测以及高含沙水流运动规律的研究,以提高洪水预报的精度。

In August 1992,a flood peak of 6260m^3/s occured at Huayuankou hydrometric station with arelevant water level of 94.33m which is the highest ever observed.The flood peak is 37% highercompared with that observed at Xiaolangdi station in the upper reach;The flood propagatesthrough the Xiaolangdi—Huayuankou reach in 22 hours,twice as long as the travelling time of anormal flood.Incorrect forecasting of this flood had caused the protection work very passive.Ac-cording to this,the author suggested that construction of telecommunication and information net-work for the Yellow River flood protection,rainfall observation in the Xiaolangdi—Huayuankouuncontrolled area and study on the law of high sediment—laden flow should be strengthed,so thatthe accuracy of flood forecasting could be improved.