从水库“淹没人口”问题谈起

Problems on reservoir inundated population

水库“淹没人口”广义地讲,是指生产、生活、环境受水库淹没影响的人口,狭义地讲就是淹没了住房的合法人口。后者就是通常说的“淹没人口”,它没有包括人不住在淹没区而土地被淹、被征,以及受其他影响的人口。影响人口在移民安置规划中需要考虑。目前一般是以淹没了住房的人口作为表达受水库淹没影响的人口规模。淹地不淹人、影响人口等受淹没影响的差异很大,如何补偿安置要通过规划予以考虑。移民规划是研究“淹没人口”的归宿、移民规划包括城乡和专业项目的复建规划以及移民的生产生活安置规划,移民规划分可行性研究、初步设计、实施规划几个阶段。可行性研究、初步设计阶段以设计单位为主,地方政府配合。实施规划以地方为主,设计单位配合,勘测设计单位对移民规划的宏观控制和技术指导要贯彻于移民过程的始终。

Inundated population, broadly speaking, refer to the total population whose jobs,living and enviroment are affected by reservoir; specifically, it refers to the population whose res-idences are below the inundated line. The latter is just what we usually refer to as inundated pop-ulation, which doesn' t include the affected population whose residences are above inundated linebut whose land or job sites are inundated as well as whose jobs are affected by other factors.These affected population needs to be considered also in resettlement planning. The inundationimpact varies greatly among jobsite-loss group and other affected groups. To provide variousopportunities for these population to achieve a higher standard of living should be under consider-ation of resettlement planning whose ultimate purpose is the social economic development for thewhole of affected population. Reservoir resettlement planning being divided into feasibility assess-ment, preliminary design and implementation design involves restoration and reconstruction plan- ning of rural production, urban industries, infrastructures and special facilities as well as livingconditions planning. With local authorities help, design sections should be mainly responsible forfeasibility assessment and preliminary design. In implementation design. local authorities assumethe main responsibility. Also it is necessary for design and survey sections to be responsible formacro-control and technical guide during all process of resettlement.