强胁迫力使脆弱环境突变——松辽平原百年开发史例证

STRONG STRESS TRIGGERS CATASTROPHIC CHANGE ON FRAGILE ENVIRONMENT: AN EXAMPLE OF THE DEVELOPMENT HISTORY FOR THE PAST 100 YEARS IN THE SONGLIAO PLAIN

以松辽平原为案例,首次提出并论证了"人类强胁迫力作用于脆弱环境系统必将导致生态环境突变"的命题。而这种突变机理又对"人类力是现代环境变化的第一驱动力"的论点提供支持。文章运用了区域学原理,对区域综合要素进行了分析,判定区域属于脆弱系统;运用地理景观理论,构建了距今约150年、100年、50年和现今(2000年)共4个时期的区域生态景观模型,揭示出人类逐阶强化胁迫的过程,并结合遥感分析,首次识别出松辽平原大面积荒漠和半荒漠;引进系统突变模型,论证了生态环境突变过程的存在及所特有的快速扩张性,可导致重大生态灾难--荒漠化过程失控。 文章建议应认真研究中国广大地带的环境突变问题,制定科学合理的环境战略,应对全球环境变化的挑战。

Taking Songliao Plain as an example, the proposition that strong stress makes a fragile environment into catastrophe is demonstrated for the first time. The catastrophe mechanism also supports the issue that human power is the primary driving force of modern environmental change.Using the regional theories, the synthetical factors composing the region Songliao Plain are analyzed, and the region is determined as a fragile ecosystem. Using the theories and methods of geographical landscape evolution, the ecological landscape structures of about 150, 100 and 50 years ago and in the year of 2000 are reconstructed. The process of gradually increasing press is obvious.The remote sensing technique has recognized quite a few deserts and semi-deserts in this region, which is the result of catastrophe process, and may result in greater ecological disaster: the desertification process will be beyond control.At the present time, about 50% areas of our country belong to fragile environment, and most regions in the West and the Northeast have been in catastrophe phase under the stronger and stronger stress from human being activities. For establishing rational environmental strategies to face the challenges of global environment change, we suggest that the problems of environmental catastrophe in some regions of China should be studied seriously.