防高能辐射的树脂/纳米铅复合材料的制备及研究

PREPARATION AND RESEARCH OF RESIN/NANO-LEAD COMPOSITE FOR HIGH-ENERGY RADIATION PROTECTION

制备了不同铅含量、不同树脂类型的树脂 /纳米铅和树脂 /纳米硫酸铅防高能辐射复合材料。测得了各样品对高能X射线和 β射线的屏蔽率、样品中纳米铅和纳米硫酸铅颗粒的大小和形状。研究了样品的密度 ,内部纳米铅或硫酸铅颗粒的大小、形状各因素与高能X射线和β射线衰减性能之间的关系。结果表明 ,对于同样铅质量分数和同种树脂来说 ,树脂 /纳米铅或纳米硫酸铅比相应树脂 /常规铅或常规硫酸铅的屏蔽性能要好 ;样品防高能X射线和β射线的能力不仅取决于树脂的类型和所含铅或硫酸铅的质量分数、样品的密度 ,而且也与树脂中纳米铅及纳米硫酸铅颗粒的大小、分布的均匀程度有关。根据试验结果 ,初选了一种密度小、铅含量少、对高能X射线和 β射线屏蔽性能好的聚苯乙烯磺酸钠 /纳米铅复合材料。

High-energy radiation protection composites were prepared,which contained different quantity of lead and different category of resin. The shielding rate of high-energy X-and β-radiation, the size of nanometer lead or nanometer lead sulphate in the samples, were measured. The relations between density, the size and shape of inner particles and high-energy X-and β-radiation attenuation property were researched. The results indicated that at the same terms of resin and consist of equal lead element, the samples including nano-lead or nano-lead sulphate had better high-energy radiation protection ability than those added general lead or normal lead sulphate, morever, the ability of radiation protection was not only dicieded by the density, category of resin, mass fraction of lead or lead sulphate but also related with the size and distributing degree of nano-lead or nano-lead sulphate. According to the experimental results, the material with low density, little quantity of lead element, but with better high-energy X-and β- radiation protection ability was found.