道学与宋学、新儒学、新理学通论

Taoism,Song Studies,Neo Confucianism,and Rationalistic Confucianism:a general survey

本文认为 ,道学研究 ,进路多方 ,自清代以来 ,大要莫外或经学的、或史学的、或哲学的三种法门。清代经学家视道学为“宋学”(宋代经学 ) ,忽略道学实乃宋儒从经学中分化出来的新哲学形态 ,并不等同于“宋学”。近世史学家与哲学家称道学为“新儒学”、“新儒家”,史学家认为“新儒学”的产生及传衍 ,如佛出现于世一样 ,是中华民族思想发展的“一大事因缘”;哲学家无论是自号“新理学”的冯友兰 ,还是诸多所谓“现代新儒家”,均不满足于“照着”道学讲的哲学史叙述方法 ,而是借助道学史料 ,运用西方传入的哲学方法 ,把道学研究推向了“中西会通”的中国哲学创作阶段。现代社会可以有多元的道学研究 ,而不可能形成一元的所谓“现代新儒家”

Taoist studies traditionally were of three types:classical,historical and philosophical.Scholars in Qing dynasty considered Taoism as “Song studies of Confucian classics”,which actually neglects the fact that Song school is a philosophy derived from Taoism.Modern historians and philosophers employed the term“neo Confucianism”and believed that it was a basic cause of the development of the Chinese traditional thinking.Rationalistic Confucianism presented itself as a combination of western philosophy and the traditional Taoism. The Taoist studies at the present time are pluralistic rather than“Modern Neo confucian”only.