干旱对稻米品质的影响研究

Effect of Drought on Rice Quality

用13个杂交水稻组合及恢复系,研究了水稻开花与灌浆结实期持续干旱对稻米品质的影响,结果表明干旱可降低稻米加工品质,其中对整精米率的影响最大;干旱对粒形影响不大,但极显著增加垩白米率和垩白度,从而降低稻米的外观品质;干旱还可影响稻米的蒸煮和食用品质,使稻米的糊化温度提高,胶稠度变硬,直链淀粉含量降低。提出优质米生产首先应选用优质品种,同时,应选择温光条件和水源条件均好的生产基地,栽培上应搞好灌浆结实期的水分管理,特别注意保持后期的田间水分,不能断水过早。

Using 9 hybrid combinations and 4 restorer lines, the effect of continuous drought on rice quality, was analyzed during flowering, filling and seed-setting stages. The results showed that the drought reduced milling quality of rice, especially, most significantly decreased the head rice rate. The drought treatment also increased chalky grain rate and chalkiness significantly, but the effect on grain shape was not very significant. These results indicated that the drought reduced grain appearance quality. In our experiments, because the drought raised gelatinization temperature, harden gel consistency and decrease amylose content of rice, cooking and eating quality of rice should be influenced. So, It was proposed that production of good quality rice should firstly select good quality variety, meanwhile, should choose production base with both of suitable temperature and sunlight condition and good irrigation condition. In the cultivation of quality rice, field water should be managed properly during filling and seed-setting stages, in which special attention should be paid to keep field suitable water (soil moisture) in the later stage.