改良S1和半同胞交替轮回选择对中综4号玉米群体改良效果的研究

Improvement Efficiency of Modified S1-HS Alternant Recurrent Selection in Maize Population ZZ4

对中综4号(ZZ4)玉米群体完成了4轮改良S1、半同胞交替轮回选择(简称MS1-HS交替轮回选择)。2001年在4个地点对30个NCⅡ测交组合及11个亲本(5个群体及6个测验种)进行田间鉴定。结果表明,MS1-HS交替选择对改良群体杂交种产量、产量杂种优势和配合力均十分有效。随着选择轮次的增加,各轮群体与6个测验种杂交组合的产量逐轮提高,平均每轮增加6.7%～8.1%,差异达5%显著水平。各轮改良群体与6个测验种间的产量中亲杂种优势呈逐轮明显上升的趋势,平均每轮增加211～248kg·ha-1,除Mo17外,差异均达5%显著水平。MS1-HS交替轮回选择对改良群体产量性状的一般配合力十分有效,在产量性状的一般配合力得到改良的同时,穗部性状及株高、穗位、抽丝期、散粉期等田间农艺性状的一般配合力均获得同步的改良。但MS1-HS交替轮回选择对改良群体的特殊配合力效果有限。通过中综4号改良群体与6个测验种间杂交组合产量及杂种优势的比较研究,得出中综4号与黄早4、丹340间为强优势模式对。

Four cycles of modified S1-HS (MS1-HS) alternant recurrent selection to improve grain yield of ZZ4 maize (Zea mays L.) population have been completed in northern China. In 2001, 30 NCⅡ testcrosses and 11 parents (including six testing lines and five populations for each cycle) were tested at four locations. Analysis of variance indicated that significant progress(p﹤0.05) was achieved for major agronomic traits of populations and testcrosses. MS1-HS alternant recurrent selection was effective for increasing grain yield of testcrosses, heterosis and general combining ability. The average yield increase of testcrosses to MS1-HS alternant recurrent selection in ZZ4 was 6.7%-8.1% per cycle. Increased yield of testcrosses was accompanied with increased heterosis. The average gain for mid-parent yield heterosis of testcrosses to MS1-HS alternant recurrent selection in ZZ4 was 211 -248 kg·ha-1per cycle. The GCA of grain yield and ear traits all increased cycle by cycle. The MS1-HS alternant recurrent selection seemed to be less effective to improve special combining ability (SCA). ZZ4 and Huangzao4 or Dan340 lines may be the most efficient herterosis pattern after comparing the yield of hybrids and heterosis between improved population and the 6 testing lines.