圈养大熊猫营巢行为初步观察

Preliminary Observation on the Denning Behavior of Captive Giant Panda

2002年2～6月对卧龙保护大熊猫研究中心的圈养大熊猫“雷雷”在半散放条件下的营巢行为和日摄食量的变化首次进行研究。该雌体在自然交配人工授精后一个月开始表现营巢行为。在4个月的观察过程中,大熊猫“雷雷”大约有371%的时间用于营巢或卧在巢中。营巢和卧巢的时间基本发生在上午900～1130时。营巢行为出现前后,个体的日均摄食量不存在显著差异(P=0519)。相关分析表明,日均摄食量与日营巢频次不存在显著相关关系(R=-063,P>005,n=116)。大熊猫“雷雷”总共在圈舍内3个地点营巢,最终在安全性较高、采光好而郁闭度较低的地点营巢成功。圈养大熊猫对营巢材料没有表现选择性。结果表明复杂多样、接近自然状态的圈舍可能有助于大熊猫物种特有行为的发生。研究结果对大熊猫和其它珍稀濒危动物的保护和管理工作具有一定的指导意义。

Behavior of constructing den of one captive female giant panda ‘Lei lei’ in semi natural enclosure was first observed at China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda,Wolong Nature Reserve,Sichuan province from February through June of 2002 Data on den construction behavior and daily food intake were collected every half hour from 08:00 to 17:30,as well as at 7:00 in the morning and at 22:30 in the evening during the study period,and the size of the den was measured twice during the four months and its material composition were also examined and identified.This female began to construct den one month after mating/artificial insemination,and from then on,she either built or stayed inside the den about 37 1% of the study period mainly from 09:00 to 11:30 There was no significant difference in daily food intake before and after nesting behavior occurrence ( P =0 519),and no significant correlation was found between the amount of daily food intake and the frequency of daily staying in den ( R =-0 63, P> 0 05, n =116).The subjects originally chose three potential sites to build its den.However,only one den had been finally finished due to it with the highest security,being shed more and the lowest canopy density.This pregnant female panda showed no preference for the den material.