西藏经济真菌资源

ECONOMIC FUNGUS RESOURCES OF XIZANG

西藏真菌资源丰富,目前已知食用菌352种,107属,34科。药用菌163种,82属,41科,其中用于抗癌和试验抗癌的93种,有毒菌97种,36属,20科。外生菌根菌107种,29属,19科。木腐菌47种,30属,13科。地处世界屋脊的西藏,还孕育了多种多样的高山真菌,有待进一步考察研究和开发利用。

The resources of macrofungi are rich in Xizang(Tibet). Nearly 1000 species are known. The wild edible,pharmaceutical,poisonous,ectomycorrhizal and wood-rotting fungi from this region are dealt with.352 species of wild edible mushrooms are recorded. They might referred to 107 genera of 34 families, of which 339 species belong to Basidiomycetes. The important ones are Armillariella mellea, Tricholoma matsutake, T. flavovirens, T. sejunctum, Lyophyllum decastes, Flammulina velutipes, Lepista irina, L.sordida, Melanoleuca cognata,Termitomyces albuminosus, Lactarius deliciosus, Russula deli-ca , R.aurata, Boletus edulis, Laccinum scabrum, L.aurantiacum,Suillus luteus,, Agaricus silvicola,Pholiota adiposa, Naematoloma sublateritium, rozites caperata, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Hericium erinaceum, Hydnum repandum, Sarcodon imbricatum, Cantharellus cibarius, Auricularia a(?)icula and A. polytricha etc.13 species of edible Ascomycetes, which belong to 10 genera of 7 families, have been recorded. The important ones are Morchella esculenta, M.angusticeps, M.deliciosa, Helvella crispa and H. lacunosa etc.163 species belonging to 82 genera of 41 families are pharmaceutical,the important ones.are Cordyceps sinensis, C.martialis, C.militaris, Poria cocos, Polyporus umbellatus, Hericium erinaceum,Gano-derma lucidum,G.applandtum,G.tsugae,Amauroderma rugosum, Fomitopsis pinicola,F.officinalis Coriolus versicolor,C. unicolor etc, of which 93 species have proved to be inhibitors of S-180 and EC.97 species belonging to 36 genera of 20 families are poisonous, the important ones are Amanita verna ,a. muscaria, A. muscaria, A. flavoconia, A. pantherina and Inocybe spp. etc. The important ectomycor-rhizal fungi are species of Cortinariaceae, Russulaceae, Tricholomataceae, Amanitaceae, Bole-taceae,Gomphidiaceae,and the important wood-rotting fungi are species of Polyporaceae,Thele-phoraceae and Meruliaceae etc.