我国中心城市的不平衡发展及空间扩散的研究

THE UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION OF CHINESE CENTRAL CITIES

发挥中心城市的作用是城市经济体制改革的一项重要内容。本文在确定中心城市概念和标准的基础上,对80年代以来中心城市的发展及空间扩散进行了理论探讨,指出中心城市的发展具有空间不平衡的特点,各中心城市的空间扩散效应也不相同,两者之间存在一定联系。为了进一步发挥中心城市的作用,本文对不同类型中心城市的发展问题提出了四点建议。

The central cities are the political, economic and cultural centers of the country or a re-gion. To make the central cities to play a key role in the national economy is one of the im-portant tasks in Chinese urban economic reform. This paper analyses the uneven development and spatial diffusion of the central cities in China since 1980's. Firstly, the authors designed the centrality index so as to measure which cities can be de-termined as the central cities. The result shows that China had 20 central cities in 1984 and they can be classified in 3 classes: First class: Shanghai, Beijing, and Tianjin. Second class:Shengyang, Guangzhou, Wuhan,Chongqing, Haerbin, and Nanjing. Third class: Xi'an, Chengdu, Dalian, Hangzhou, Changchun, Qingdao, Taiyuan, Lanzhou, Jinan, Wuxi, and Suzhou. However, because of the uneven development, the status of these central cities have taken place a great change since 1980's. The general trend is that the speed of the economic develo-pment of the coastal central cities is much faster than that of the inland central cities. As a result, Guangzhou and Dalian in the coastal areas are upgraded into the first and second class central cities respectively in the early 1990's. At the same time, Lanzhou in the nor-thwest China is replaced by Fuzhou located in the southeast coast. Secondly, the effects of the spatial diffusion of the central cities are examined. The re-sults show that the spatial diffusion of most central cities are mainly limited within their ad-ministrative regions. Only the influence of Shanghai has gone beyond its administrative boun-dary, which brings about a new spatial division in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. Especially in the Yangtze River Delta, an embryonic form of megalopolis is emerging. A similar situa-tion is also occurring in the Pearl River Delta under the influence of Hong Kong. The inf-luences of Shanghai and Hong Kong are one of the important factors to bring about the une-ven development of Chinese central cities. Lastly, 4 suggestions to improve the uneven development of central cities are put forward-(1) to accelerate the development of the largest central cities which should become the interna-tional cities in the world economy system. (2) to give priority to the development of producer services. (3) to encourage the development of enterprise groups. (4) to pay more attentions to the development of the inland central cities.