长江上游山地土壤的粘土矿物组成特征

FEATURES OF CLAY MINERALS IN MOUNTAIN SOILS AT THE UPPER REACHES OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

以X射线衍射分析,研究了长江上游山地土壤的粘土矿物组成。根据土壤粘土矿物组成分类,划分了粘土矿物地带。采用土壤结构恢复试验,比较了不同粘土矿物组成土壤的结构形成特征。

Utilizing the method of X-ray diffraction analysis,in detail,dealed with the composition of soil clay minerals of the mountain soil vertical zonality in. the mountain area of the Changjiang River. There were 4 types of soil clay minerals make-up, i. e. . 1. hydromica, kaolinite, chlorite; 2. hydromica, kaolinite, vermiculite; 3. hydromica,kaolinite; 4, unclear principal composition of clay minerals. The distribution-zonality of yellow-brown soils regarded as the boundary line (at the altitude of about 2000m),the zonalities could be divided. Above the line,the zonality of soil clay minerals is that of hydromica, kaolinite, and chlorite (below it,belongs to that of hydromica, kaolinite and vermiculite.To constrast the genesis characters of soil structure among the soils made of different clay minerals, the simulation experiment on soil structure recovery had been done. The soil micro-structure with soil clay minerals mainly consisting of hydromica (kaolinite), vermiculite is the best,and its recovering capabality is the strongest,too.