黄河中游湿地资源及可持续利用研究

A Study on the Wetland Resources of the Mid-Yellow River and their Sustainable Utilization

黄河是我国湿地的重要组成部分 ,也是生物多样性分布的关键地带。黄河中游的主要湿地类型有河口 (内陆 )湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地、水库湿地、沼泽、沙洲及草甸湿地等 ,总面积 33万hm2 。黄河中游的湿地资源主要包括 :1 )生物资源有脊椎动物资源 42 1种 ,维管植物 936种 ,资源植物 1 1类 ,植被资源有 6个类型 ,含 73个群系。 2 )土地资源储备丰富 ,黄河中游坝外河漫滩 60 %以上的滩涂已被开发为相对固定的农田 ,是黄河中游重要的土地资源。 3)水力资源蕴藏量占黄河水力资源总蕴藏量的 77.63%。 4)黄河中游旅游资源十分丰富 ,是具有重要旅游环境价值的生态景观区。湿地资源可持续利用前景广阔 ,同时面临诸多的环境威胁 ,对此提出了黄河中游湿地资源保护和可持续利用的对策。

The wetlands of yellow River are important components of Chinese wetlands,and the essential zone of the biodiversity distribution in China. Mid-Yellow River covers a vast area with broadened riverbed , frequently-wandering river courses, wetland types multiplicity, biodiversity richness. Mid-Yellow River covers many different wetland types, e.g. river channel wetland, lakes wetland, reservoirs wetland, Warm spring wetland, ponds wetland, sand isles wetland, flooded areas wetland and alkalinized shoal wetland. The total area of wetland is of 330000 hm 2 in Mid-Yellow River.There are variousresources on the wetlands in Mid-Yellow River. According to their economical use and utilizingways, they can be divided into 4 groups as follows:(1)biological resources are consistedof 4 group. There are 858 species of animals, 936 species of plants, 11 kinds of resources plants. Vegetation resources are consistedof 73 formations in 6 vegetation types.(2)Land resources are mainly distributed on the floodplain in Mid-Yellow River. 60% of the floodplain out Mid-Yellow River dam is already discharged for relatively fixed farmland. (3) hydraulic power resources are rich which making up 77.63% of the total hydraulic power in Yellow River.(4)Tourism resources are composed of naturallandscapes resources and humanistic historic sites. The Mid-Yellow River wetlands are greatly threatened by unreasonable development, environment pollution, soil erosion and the water control projects et al. Finally, the scientific strategiesfor protection and sustainable utilization of the wetland resources in the Mid -Yellow River are discussed.