美国监狱管理的紧束化倾向研究

"Get Tough"——the Research on American Prison Reforms

美国是世界上监禁率最高的国家,监禁刑是其比较有代表性的刑罚。美国监狱变革从殖民地时期一直延续至今,与其经济、文化和刑罚理念变化紧密相连,体现了多元化的特征。在勇于创新、接受挑战的思潮影响下,美国监狱部门不断进行变革并发展,完善其监狱法制和管理制度,提高管理和矫正水平,采取新的措施来适应社会对犯罪矫正的新要求,并在新近出现了紧束化倾向。因此,从关注美国的监狱变革角度探讨美国矫正处遇的变革,极具实证价值和社会意义。

The United States has the highest rate of imprisonment,therefore, the imprisonment is the one of most representative punishments. From the colonial period, American prisons have been undergoing the reforms which reflect the developments of their economy, culture and philosophy of punishment. Reflecting the thoughts of innovations and challenges, American prisons never stop reforming and developing for better prison regulations and managements, upgrading their correction efficacy, and adopting new treatments for fitting the new requirements from the general public. More important, it turns out the 'get tough' trend recently. Therefore, it is very important to explore the issues on American correctional treatment reform through the perspectives of prison reforms.