PTEN在胚胎发育及细胞周期中的作用

Roles of PTEN in embryonic development and cell cycles

PTEN基因,位于染色体10q23.3区,是具有磷酸酶活性的抑癌基因。其在细胞周期中的作用主要由聚集粘链激酶途径、3,4,5三磷酸磷酸肌醇以及促细胞分裂素激活的蛋白激酶等3条途径共同完成。在胚胎发育过程中,具有PTEN纯合性突变的胚胎干细胞形成畸形胚胎,并在胚胎早期死亡,而具有PTEN杂合性突变的小鼠在不同组织类型中肿瘤的发生率增高。该文综述了PTEN基因的结构特征、生物学特性以及其在细胞周期和胚胎发育过程中的作用,并对其研究前景作一展望。

PTEN gene, which is located in chromosome 10q23.3, is the first antioncogene found in recent years that exerts phosphatase-like activties. Its roles in cell cycles depend upon three pathways corporately: focal adhesion kinase(FAK), Phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PIP3) and mitogen activited protein kinase (MAPK). Mice embryonic stem cell with homozygous mutation of PTEN developed malformed embryos and resulted in early embryonic lethality, while those mice with heterozygous PTEN had high incidence of tumorigenesis in various type of tissues during embryonic development. We reviewed the structural and biological characteristics of PTEN, roles in cell cycle and embryonic development and prospected the research on PTEN.