论汉语“心”的隐喻认知系统

On the Metaphorical Cognitive System of “Xin” in Chinese

认知语言学注重研究概念的意向图示 ,强调意义不是来自与外在客观世界的对应 ,而是来源于人类的身体经验和社会经验。Lakoff与Johnson主张隐喻是人类概念系统的固有特性 ,它使人能够运用来源域里的知识结构来彰显目标域里的知识结构。Morten提出的词汇生成模型强调词及词义产生于词汇生成机制所提供的听觉信息、视觉信息、语境信息等多种信息的激活。通过分析与“心”有关的词汇和句子中广泛存在的隐喻现象 ,可以发现汉语中存在着一个复杂而有序的隐喻认知系统。

Cognitive linguistics focuses on the research of the mental schema of a concept, emphasizing that meaning does not come from the correspondence with the outside world, but from the physical and social experiences of human beings. Lakoff and Johnson assert that metaphor is a natural feature of our concept system and makes it possible for us to use the knowledge frame of a source domain to highlight that of the target domain. Morten brings about the logogen model emphasizing that words and meanings are generated from the stimulation of the aural, visual, contextual and other types of information offered by the logogen system. A complex but orderly metaphorical cognitive system is revealed in this paper through analyzing the widely existing metaphorical phenomena concerning “xin(心)” in Chinese words and expressions.