历史时期三川河湫水河流域的土地利用

The Land Use of the Sanchuan River and the Qiushui River Basins in Historic Time

本文探讨了近2000年来三川河、湫水河流域人口、耕地的发展史,初步结论是(1)从西汉到明中叶,农垦并非本区土壤侵蚀的主因,导致植被破坏和水土流失的主因是自然力与某些时期传统的过度放牧;(2)明弘治年间以后,本区人口逐步增加,开始垦种坡地;(3)清初施行“滋生人丁永不加赋”及“摊丁入亩”等鼓励政策,促进了人口和耕地的无限制增长;(4)清代到上世纪90年代的350年,由于人口飞跃增长,陡坡地大量开垦。

The paper studied on the population and farmland development of the Sanchuan River basin and the Qiushui River basin in recent two thousand years. The primary results are as follows;1) From the Western Han Dynasty to the middle period of the Ming Dynasty, the main reason that led to the soil erode was nature power and traditional overgraze manner in some time but not farm.2) After the Hongzhi period in the Ming Dynasty, the population of the areas increased gradually and the sloping field began o be cultivated.3) Some policies executed in the Qing Dynasty ,which made the population and farmland in the areas increased uncontrolled.4) It is the period that soil erodes become accelerate from Qing Dynasty to 1990's about 350 years, because the population increased rapidly and the sloping fields were also farmed.