暂住证制度的存废之争及实施暂住证制度的必要性

Debates on Temporary Residence Permit System and Necessity for Adopting It

近年来,围绕着暂住证制度的存废问题,先后出现了三次论争。主张废除暂住证的人,认为实施暂住证制度的法律依据不足,与行政许可法相冲突,还认为暂住证制度限制了公民的迁移自由,造成了城乡差距,形成了阶层歧视,使暂住人口享受不到市民待遇,不利于权利平等。文章认为这些观点混淆了暂住证制度与户口迁移制度的区别,混淆了劳动力自由流动与劳动力自由落户的区别,错误地解释了城乡差距的形成原因,没有正确估价城乡居民待遇的实际现状。无论对流动人口还是对政府管理来说,暂住证制度都有着重要作用,目前仍应保留,不能取消。

There are three waves of debate on the necessity of temporary residence permit system in recent years. Some advocate to abolish it because of its conflicting with the Law of Administrative License and the citizen right of free migration. They argue that this restriction leads to the rural-urban divide, forms stratum discrimination, and prevents temporary population from being treated as citizenship with equal rights. This paper points out that those points of view obscure the difference between temporary residence permit system and household registration system, and the difference between free migration and free residence registration, giving the wrong explanation of the rural-urban divide, because they fail to give proper evaluation on the current situation of urban and rural residents.