自然保护区学当前应该解决的几个科学问题

Special research fields and hot spots in science of nature reserves.

自然保护区已成为一类特殊的土地利用类型,总面积约占国土面积的14%以上;其不仅具有保护野生动植物资源的功能,而且在维护国土生态安全中发挥着关键作用.我国自然保护区建设工程实施过程中,迫切需要解决的主要科学技术问题包括自然保护区体系规划和合理布局方案研究制定、分类经营管理系统建立、野生动植物资源本底调查和动态监测等.自然保护区学是新建立的二级学科.该文定义了自然保护区学的内涵,提出了主要研究领域和方向.指出了当前研究热点问题,如“生态岛屿”状态的自然保护区内野生动植物小种群恢复与调控、自然保护区最小面积确定、生物廊道的设计、规划设计中的功能区划、自然资本评估与经济管理等.

The nature reserves, covering above 14% terrestrial land area of China,have become special type of utilization. They not only conserve wildlives, but also possess the key functions of protecting territory. When the Project of Construction of Nature Reserve is carried out, there are some urgent problems to be resolved, such as systematic planning of nature reserves, the distribution pattern of key reserves, investigation and monitoring of wildlives. Science of nature reserves has become an important branch of learning. This paper gives the definition of science of nature reserves, and puts forward the special research fileds and hot spots, such as recovering and controlling population of endangered species in nature reserves' “ecological islands”, setting minimum area of nature reserves, designing the corridor of wildlife, evaluating natural capital of nature reserves, and economic management.