国际贸易政策的两难问题与GATT/WTO体制——GATT/WTO的政治经济学

Dilemmas of International Trade Policy and the GATT/WTO Philosophy

国际贸易是受政治因素影响最大的经济领域之一,GATT/WTO的规则和体系实际上也反映了这种经济与政治交织的复杂性。国家利益的驱动使得各国政府在贸易政策运用方面处于选择偏向自由贸易或贸易保护的“两难境地”。GATT/WTO在倡导贸易自由化、建设开放的多边贸易体制过程中也不得不兼顾保障各国国家利益的要求,从而形成了以务实、折衷以及规则导向为特征的GATT/WTO理念,来支持和推动国际贸易发展中渐进的但又是持续的贸易自由化取向。

International trade is one of the fields influenced mostly by po litical factors. The rules and system of GATT/WTO reflects such a complexity. Th e motive of pursuing national interests forced governments to be in a paradoxica l situation when deciding whether selecting free trade policy or trade protectio n. In the process of advocating trade liberalization and building an open multil ateral trade regime, the GATT/WTO has to consider the requirements of its member s to assure national interests. Thus formed a GATT/WTO philosophy with character istics including focusing on trade practice, balancing the powers affecting trad e policy making and promoting a rule-orientated trade regime. The development of international trade regime, therefore, has been directed to a gradual and conti nuous liberalization.