跳远起跳肌肉专项能力生物力学研究

Biomechanical Research on Specific Ability of Takeoff in Long Jump

运用生物力学理论和实验研究方法 ,对跳远运动员起跳过程中起跳腿肌肉群表现出的专项能力特点进行研究。结果表明 ,髋关节伸肌群离心收缩能力对起跳十分重要 ;起跳表现出“前支撑蹬伸”特征 ;起跳过程中膝关节伸肌群的主动向心收缩能力对人体产生必要制动和适宜的腾起垂直速度具有重要意义 ;起跳初始阶段 (起跳过程 8%的时间里 )膝关节产生较大的屈肌力矩 ,即表现出膝关节屈肌群的主动收缩。

Through using the method of biomechanical theory and experimental research,this paper studies the specific ability characteristics o f leg muscle during takeoff in long jump.The result shows that the ability of qu ick eccentric contraction of hip is important for takeoff.The knee is shown the characteristics of fore support push in takeoff.The ability of concentric contra ction of knee's extensors plays very important part for getting vertical velocit y.The large peak of knee flexion moment emerges in earlier takeoff phase that in dicate the knee flexion muscle actively contracted in this period.