西北地区木本植物区系多样性研究

Study on diversity of woody plants in northwest China

西北地区在中国植物区系上属于泛北极植物区 ,其南部基本上控制在中国—日本植物亚区的华中地区内 ,区系成分以北亚热带成分占优势 ,中、东部主要控制在中国—日本植物亚区内的华北地区中的黄土高原地区内 ,以华北区系成分占优势 ,西南部主要属青藏高原植物亚区和中国—喜马拉雅植物亚区 ,区系成分以唐古特和横断山区系成分占优势 ,北部主要是亚洲荒漠植物亚区 ,区系成分是以古地中海成分占优势。本区有木本植物 (不包括栽培植物 ) 1 0 3科 338属 1 72 9种(含种下等级 ) ,其中裸子植物 6科 1 7属 5 7种 ,被子植物 97科 32 1属 1 672种 ,另外 ,具有中国特有属 2 6个 ,土著特有种 1 73个 (含种下等级 )。大科、大属在区系组成中起着非常重要的作用 ,该区木本植物区系包含有 1 5个分布区类型及其 1 7个变型 ,其中北温带分布、泛热带分布、东亚至北美间断分布、东亚分布等成分占有重要地位。其木本植物区系的主要特征为 :种类比较丰富 ;分布不均 ,区域差异大 ;地理成分复杂 ,具有明显的温带性质 ;起源古老 ;土著特有种较多 ;区系联系广泛 ,多种区系成分的汇集。

The flora of northwest china belongs to the Holarctic Kingdom in Chinese flora, the flora of the south of northwest China belongs to a Subregion in the Central China Region in the Japan China Forest Subkingdom, and the central east belongs to a Subregion in the North China Region in the Japan China Forest Subkingdom, and the southwest belongs to a Subregion the Tibetan Pleteau and the Himalaya China Forest Subkingdom, and the North belongs to a Subregion the Asia Desolate and Boundless Forest Subkingdom. There are 1 729 species (including infraspecific taxon) of woody plants belonging to 103 families and 338 genera (exclude cultivated plants) in northwest China. Among them, there are 57 species belonging to 17 genera and 6 families are of gymnosperm and 1 672 species belonging to 321 genera and 97 families are of angiosperm. In addition, there are 26 Chinese endemic genera and 173 northwest China endemic species. In those plants, the big families and the big genera play important roles. The flora of northwest China can be divided into 15 distribution types and 17 subtypes. Among them, North temperate, Pantropic, E. Asia & N. Amer. Disjuncted, E. Asia are important types. Based on the analysis of compositions and the geographical elements and characteristics of the flora, the paper has discussed the major characteristics of the flora as follows: Species are comparatively rich; species and floristic elements are striking difference; the geographical elements of the flora are comparatively complex, and the genera of temperate are the dominant areal types, among them, north temperate play the part of an important role in the flora; the flora is ancient origin; endemic woody plants are comparatively rich; the flora has widely relate to other area, and the flora is the crisscrossing and assembling, mixing and transition of diversified floristic elements.