云南、河南烤烟中挥发性、半挥发性游离及结合态脂肪酸的研究

Studies on the free and bound fatty acidic components in Yunnan and Henan flue cured tobacco

本项研究使用同时蒸馏萃取装置 ,以及气相色谱仪 (GC)和气相色谱 /质谱联用仪 (GC/MS) ,对云南、河南烤烟烟叶中游离态和结合态的挥发性、半挥发性脂肪酸进行了分析。共定量测试了 2 1种酸性成分 ,并比较了两个烟区烤烟中游离态和结合态的挥发性、半挥发性酸性成分的含量。结果显示 ,烤烟中分子量较小、挥发性较强的脂肪酸 ,如异戊酸、戊酸和 β 甲基戊酸 ,以结合态形式存在的较多 ;而分子量较大的半挥发性脂肪酸 ,游离态形式高于结合态。从云南、河南烤烟比较来看 ,所测试的 2 1种酸性成分 ,云南烤烟中游离态与结合态挥发性、半挥发性酸性成分的总量比河南烤烟高。云南烤烟中游离态的挥发性、半挥发性酸性成分总的含量是河南烤烟的 1.41倍。特别是一些半挥发性酸性成分 (十五碳酸、十六碳酸、十七碳酸和十八碳酸等 )在云南烤烟中的含量非常丰富。对结合态的脂肪酸来说 ,十碳酸及其以下的挥发性酸性成分在河南烤烟中的含量比云南烤烟含量高 ,明显偏高的是正戊酸和正己酸 ;而十碳酸以上的半挥发性脂肪酸在云南烤烟中的含量比河南烤烟丰富 ,比较突出的有正十六酸、油酸。

Investigation was made on the free and bound fatty acidic components in flue cured tobacco from Yunnan and Henan which were extracted using simultaneous distillation and extraction equipment. They were determined with GC and GC/MS without derivation. Twenty one fatty acids were identified and analyzed quantitatively and comparison was made between Yunnan and Henan flue cured tobacco. It was shown that the bound parts of the volatile acidic components, such as 3 methylbutanoic, pentanoic and 3 methylpentanoic acid,are more affluent than the free parts. The free parts of the semi volatile acids are more abundant than the bound acids. The contents of the twenty one free and bound acids in Yunnan flue cured tobacco are higher than those in Henan tobacco. The total free acids of Yunnan tobacco are about 1.41 times that from Henan, especially those that consist of fifteen, sixteen,seventeen and eighteen carbon atoms. In general, the bound acids that have no more than ten carbon atoms in Henan tobacco are more affluent than those in Yunnan tobacco, such as pentanoic and hexanoic acid. Most semi volatile bound acids in Yunnan flue cured tobacco, e.g.hexadecanoic,oleic,linoleic and linolenic acid, are more abundant. In addition, the determination of fatty acids using this method was also carried out with different solvent and time to get the best analyzing conditions.