关于语义学比较法

Comments on the Semantics Comparative Method

语义学比较法是已故邢公畹教授1994年提出的一种利用两种或几种具有共同文化源头的语言之间的深层语义对应规律,确定同源词的新方法。本文概括介绍语义学比较法的提出、操作程序,举出了部分公式和具体的深层对应例证。在此基础上联系语音学比较法论证了语义学比较法的理论基础,指出:语义学比较法并不是以寻找个别或少数的深层对应式为满足,它的根本目的是要证明两种语言词汇—语义系统的全部符合。凡是能够进入深层语义对应式中的语词,大体上都是同源词。因此,语义学比较法是鉴定同源词的有效方法;汉台语之间的系统深层语义对应是它们历史同源关系的逻辑实证。

The semantics comparative method was initiated by Xing Gongwan in 1994 in order to judge cognate words and to illustrate the genetic relationship by deep semantic correspondence law among languages. This study resumptively introduces the bringing forward, operating procedure of the semantics comparative method. We also give part of expressions and concrete illustration of deep semantic correspondence. According to this foundation, we argue the theoretic basis of the semantics comparative method. Then, we point out that the semantics comparative method is not only applied to individual or a few deep semantic correspondence forms, but also to the glossary semantic systems between two languages which have the same culture headstream. Any word which has deep semantic correspondence in principle belongs to cognate words. Therefore, the semantics comparative method is an effective method which can judge cognate words.