政府“失灵”及其克服的途径

On the "Malfunctions" of the Government and the Possible Solutions

政府失灵来自政府本身的缺陷和政府对经济的不恰当干预。克服政府失灵首先必须避免政府职能越位和政府缺位。原则应是政府补充,而不是代替市场。其次应引入竞争机制,建立市场导向型政府。同时在政府内部引入激励机制,使政府像企业那样思考。为了避免由于政府干预经济而带来的外部性问题,应尽量减少政府对经济的干预。对于政府收入再分配政策导致的低效率和不公平问题,解决的思路是设法降低公共福利制度的运行费用。对于利益集团操纵政策带来的不公平问题,解决的思路是修正公共政策的决策规则,约束立法行为和决策行为。其目标是实现政府与市场之间的均衡。

The malfunctions of the government originate from its own defects and its improper intervention in economy. The first solution is to avoid its over-stepping its authority and absence. The principle is that the government should help rather than replace the market. The mechanism of competition and the market-oriented government should be established. An incisive mechanism should be adopted within the government, which will help the government think like an enterprise. The government should try to avoid its intervention in economic affairs. The solution to the inefficiency and unfairness caused by the government's redistribution policy relies on the reduction of the operation costs of the public welfare system. The solution to the unfairness originating from the policy-control by the interest groups depends on the revision of the rules for making public policies as well as the control of legislation and policy-making decisions to achieve a balance between the government and the market.