犯罪故意中“明知”的涵义与内容——根据罪过实质的考察

Meaning and Content of "Full Awareness" in Criminal Intent

罪过的实质是行为人对社会价值的敌视、蔑视或者漠视、轻视的态度;犯罪行为是犯罪主体的主观罪过在现实中的展开。对犯罪故意中"明知"的涵义应作实质理解,即是指"行为人实施危害行为时对自己希望或者放任中的行为是否符合某罪特有的客观性质的明确认识"。明知的内容是行为人对自己意识状态中的行为的自然属性和社会危害性质(包括行为对象、方法、特定的时间地点、违法性等),行为结果以及行为发展过程的明确认识。

The essence of offence is that the doer's attitude of hostility, contempt or ignorance towards social values. The criminal act refers to the carrying out of the subjective offence on the part of the subject of crime in reality. The intension of 'full awareness' in criminal intent must be interpreted substantially, i.e. 'the doer knows exactly if his/her criminal act that he/she expects or indulgently conducts is of specific objective nature of a certain crime when he/she carries it out.' It means that the doer definitely understands the natural property and social harmfulness, consequence and progress of his/her conscious act.